Efectos de un programa multicomponente sobre la fragilidad y calidad de vida de adultos mayores institucionalizados / Effects a multicomponent program on the frailty and quality of life of institutionalized older adults

Introducción: El envejecimiento se relaciona con mayor prevalencia de fragilidad y deterioro en la calidad de vida. Además, existe pérdida de la autonomía, lo que aumenta la institucionalización. Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de un programa de entrenamiento físico multicomponente, sobre la fragilidad y la calidad de vida de adultos mayores institucionalizados. Metodología: Estudio preexperimental, longitudinal, que evaluó 28 adultos mayores institucionalizados (17 mujeres y 11 hombres). La muestra fue seleccionada mediante un criterio no probabilístico intencionado. Se realizó un programa de entrenamineto multicomponente (resistencia aeróbica, fuerza muscular, equilibrio y flexibilidad) durante 6 semanas. Antes y después se evaluó la fragilidad en base a la escala de fenotipo propuesta por Fried y la calidad de vida con el cuestionario World Health Organization Quality of Life - Older Adults (WHOQoL-OLD). Se aplicó la prueba t de Student para realizar las comparaciones y se calculó el tamaño del efecto. Se utilizó un nivel alfa de 0,05. Resultados: Los adultos mayores mostaron mejoras significativas en el índice de fragilidad (p = 0,007; d = 0,36). La calidad de vida mostró cambios estadísticamente significativos en las dimensiones, Actividades pasadas, presentes y futuras (p = 0,018; d = 0,53); Participación social (p = 0,003; d = 0,53) e Intimidad (p = 0,005; d = 0,36), luego de realizar un programa de ejercicios multicomponente. La calidad de vida global de los participantes también mostró cambios significativos (p = 0,007; d = 0,65). Conclusión: Un programa de entrenamiento fisico multicomponente de 6 semanas de duración mejoró la fragilidad y calidad de vida de adultos mayores institucionalizados(AU)

Introduction: Aging is related to a higher prevalence of frailty and deterioration in quality of life. There is also a loss of autonomy, which increases institutionalization. Objective: To determine the effects of a multicomponent physical training program, on frailty and quality of life in institutionalized older adults. Methodology: Pre-experimental, longitudinal study that evaluated 28 institutionalized older adults (17 women and 11 men). The sample was selected using an intentional non-probabilistic criterion. A multicomponent training program (aerobic resistance, muscular strength, balance and flexibility) was carried out for 6 weeks, before and after the fragility was evaluated based on the phenotype scale proposed by Fried and the quality of life with the World Health Organization questionnaire Quality of Life - Older Adults (WHOQoL-OLD). The Student's t-test was applied to make the comparisons and the effect size was calculated. An alpha level of 0.05 was used. Results: After participating in the multicomponent exercise program, older adults showed significant improvements in the frailty index (p = 0.007; d = 0.36). The quality of life showed statistically significant changes in the dimensions Past, present and future activities (p = 0.018; d = 0.53), Social Participation (p = 0.003; d = 0.53) and Intimacy (p = 0.005; d = 0.36) after completing a multi-component exercise program. The overall quality of life of the participants also showed significant changes (p = 0.007; d = 0.65). Conclusion: A 6-week multi-component physical training program improved the frailty and quality of life of institutionalized older adults(AU)

Valores de referencia para la batería de pruebas Senior Fitness Test en mujeres mayores chilenas físicamente activas / Reference values for the senior fitness test in Chilean older women

Background:: The Senior Fitness Test (SFT) is frequently used to assess physical fitness and functional independence in older people. Aim: To establish reference values for the SFT in Chilean physically active older women according to age ranges. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 1048 Chilean women aged between 60 and 85 years. Chair stand (CS), arm curl (AC), two-min walk (2 min), chair sit-and-reach (CSr), back scratch (BS), and timed up-and-go test (TUG) were evaluated. The reference values are presented in percentiles (p5, p10, p25, p50, p75, p90 and p95) and are distributed age intervals (60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79 and ≥ 80 years). Results: There was a decrease in strength (CS and AC), aerobic resistance (2 min) and flexibility (CSr and BS) along with age, whereas the time required to perform the timed up and go increased along with age. Conclusions: Physically active older women show a deterioration in physical fitness along with age. These women have higher reference values in CS, AC, 2 min and CSr, and lower in BS and TUG, than those reported abroad for the SFT.

Factores de riesgo asociados a bajo nivel de actividad física y exceso de peso corporal en estudiantes universitarios / Levels of physical activity and excess body weight in university students

Background: University students are considered a vulnerable group due to their adoption of unhealthy diets and lifestyles. Aim: To determine the main risk factors associated with low level of physical activity and excess body weight in university students. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 358 university students from Talca, (53% female). Sociodemographic, academic, health, lifestyle, nutritional status, physical activity and sedentary behavior variables were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: Men were more likely to present excess body weight than women (Odds ratio (OR): 2.16 [95% CI: 1.17-4.01], p = 0.01). Similarly, those with low level of physical activity (OR: 2.13 [95% CI: 1.10-414], p = 0.03), musculoskeletal injuries (OR: 2.43 [95% CI: 1.09-6.34], p = 0.05) and smokers (OR: 2.09 [95% CI: 1.05-4.14], p = 0.04) were more likely to have excess body weight. Individuals with excess body weight (OR: 2.94 [95% CI: 1.31-6.61], p < 0.01), high sedentary behaviors (OR: 2.01 [95% CI: 1.04-4.55], p = 0.04), those who spent more than 7 hours per week studying (OR: 2.11 [95% CI: 1.06-4.66], p = 0.04), and those with presence of musculoskeletal injuries (OR: 1.49 [95% CI: 1.06- 3.66], p = 0.04) were more likely to be physically inactive. In addition, men were 73% less likely to have low physical activity levels compared to women (OR: 0.27 [95% CI: 0.11-0.56], p < 0.01). Conclusions: University students have several modifiable risk factors associated with low levels of physical activity and excess weight. Healthy lifestyles promotion should modify these risk behaviors.